The Last Judgement
This part of the website offers archival documentation of the performances of ‘The Last Judgement’ for comparison, study and teaching. It includes a full copy of the script, and video documentation of the performances at two stations, along with brief comments and quotations from the accompanying article. Comments may be sent to [email protected]
The video record of the performance includes the following:
The video record of the performance includes the following:
- Station One, the first performance, recorded and edited as part of a full documentation of the York Cycle. For this station, the audience gathered on the steps of a building, the performance on the wagon creating a raised stage with a small playing area in front. The quality of this document is good, and it has been effectively-edited to document the performances of individual actors.
- Station One, the first performance, recorded with a hand-held video camera from the side. Only the first segment of this document, ‘God’s Judgement Announced,’ is included here. Although the fully edited document is far superior in quality, it focuses on individual performances at the expense of the use of the venue. This document shows the tableaux created by all performers during God’s speech, the position of the Angels above the pageant wagon, and the position of the audience.
- Station Three, the third performance, recorded and available here in full, was commented on by many who saw it as the most effective of the performances. The venue–a courtyard bounded by both Victorian-Gothic and contemporary architecture–allowed for striking shadows created by handheld lighting, excellent acoustics, and a greater performer-audience interaction. The quality and camera-work is poor, but the angle allows for a full view of actors and audience, and is offered for study.
Entrance
|
God's Judgement Announced
GOD:
When I first all this world had wrought - Wood and wind, and waters wan - Each kind of thing that now is aught, It seemed full well what I did then. When they were made, "It's good," I thought; Then in my likeness I made man, - And man to grieve me tarried not; Therefore I rue that I the world began. When I had made man at my will, To know himself I gave him wits; And Paradise I put him till, And bade him hold it all as his. But of the tree of good and ill, I said "The time you eat of this, Man, you speed yourself to kill. You'll be brought out of all your bliss." And quickly man broke my bidding. He thought he'd be a god thereby; He thought he'd know of everything Upon his world - he'd be as wise as I! He ate the apple, disobeying. Through gluttony he was beguiled, And therefore man and his offspring, Forthwith, I put them all to pine. Too long and late I thought it good, To catch those caitiffs out of care. I sent my Son, in full blithe mood, To earth, to salve them of their sore. For pity of them, he went on rood, And bought them with his body bare. For them, he shed his own heart's blood - What kindness might I do them more? Then afterwards he harrowed hell, And took those wretches from within; Fought worthily with fiends so fell, For souls that sunken were in sin. Then back on earth he went to dwell, To give an example, heaven to win, In temples his words to teach and tell, To obtain the bliss that will never end. Since then they've found me full of mercy, Full of grace and forgiveness; And they as wretches utterly Have led their lives in wickedness. Often they grieved me grievously; Thus they've repaid me my kindness. Therefore no longer, certainly, Will I suffer all their wickedness. Men see the world's mere vanity, Yet, no man will beware thereby; Each day, their mirror they may see, Yet they think not that they shall die. All that I ever said would be, Is now fulfilled through prophecy. Therefore now comes the time for me To make an end to man's folly. I've suffered mankind many a year On lust and pleasures his time to spend; And now I scarce find, far or near, A man who will his sins amend. On earth I see sin everywhere, And therefore angels I shall send, To blow their horns, that all may hear. The time has come: I'll make an end. |
Note:
‘The actor playing God wore a black leather jacket and played a hard-rock score on a hand-held ‘boombox’ as he spoke. At the same time, the Good and Bad Souls performed a dance-movement piece evoking images of death and resurrection....’ Note on Alternative Documents of this Performance:
Station One (Alternative View): Shows the tableaux created by Jesus and the Good and Bad Souls during God’s speech, which illustrate and comment on his words. It also shows the actions of the Angels during this speech, and a better sense of the volume of the recorded sound used during the production. Note also the audience wrapped around to the side of the stage, the press of the audience at the front, people walking behind the wagon, street noise, and the sound of another play in the distance. There is a distinct invasion of the contemporary world into the world of the play not visible in the edited version. Station Three: Also shows the tableaux, and the radically different look of the performance because of the venue. It is a far more ominous setting because of the shadows, and more dangerous for the audience because of their proximity to the actors.
‘The God of this ‘Last Judgement’ is a very angry figure, railing against his creation at length, emphasizing all the chances for redemption that humanity has squandered. This is the anger of a lost love, of extreme disappointment and bitterness. He is not an unemotional judge....’ |
The Angels Call Good and Bad Souls to Judgement
Angels, blow your horns and strive,
That every creature you may call: Learned and lewd, husbands and wives, Receive their doom, this day they shall. Every soul that ever had life: Let none be forgotten, great or small. There they shall see the wide wounds five, That my Son suffered for them all. Before my sight, you'll sunder them; As one in bliss they shall not be. As I have promised, my blessed children, Upon my right hand, I would them see; And then see how all wicked men, For fear, upon my left shall flee. Today I ordain mankind's judgement: To every man, as he served me. ANGEL 1: Praise be to you, the lord of mights most! This angel shall your message bear. Your will shall be fulfilled in haste, All heaven and earth and hell shall hear. Good and evil, every ghost: Rise, and fetch flesh you used to wear; For all this world is brought to waste. Draw to your doom; it now comes near. ANGEL 2: Every creature, old and young: Quickly I bid that you shall rise, And with you, body and soul shall bring, And come before the high justice. For I am sent from heaven's king, To call you to this great assize. Therefore, rise up, give reckoning Of how you served, and in what wise. 1 GOOD SOUL: Praise be the Lord in such radiant sheen, That in this manner made us rise, Body and soul, together, clean, To come before the high justice. Of our ill deeds, Lord, do not mean - The things we wrought, and in what wise - But grant us your grace; we pray you'll deem That we may dwell in Paradise. 2 GOOD SOUL: Ah! Praised be you, the Lord of all, Who heaven and earth and all things wrought; Who with your angels would us call, Out of our graves, here to be brought. Often we've grieved you, great and small, But for this, Lord, condemn us not, Or suffer us unto the fiends to be thrall, Who so often on earth, with sins us sought. 1 BAD SOUL: Alas! Alas, that we were born! So may we sinful captives say. Well can we hear by this hideous horn, That we are drawing near Doomsday. Alas, we wretches are forlorn, Who never yet pleased God his way, But oft, upon his flesh have sworn. Alas! Alas and wellaway! What shall we wretches do for dread? Or where in terror may we flee? When we can bring forth no good deed, Before him who our judge shall be? To ask for mercy, we've no need; For well I know that damned are we. Alas, that such a life we've led, Preparing for this destiny. Our wicked works shall us betray, Which we thought never should be known: Which we committed privately; Now plainly we may see them shown. Alas, you wretches, dear we must pay; Full smart, with hellfire we are smitten. Now soul and body may never die, But forever, with wicked pains we're bitten. Alas for dread! Sore may we quake! Our wicked deeds are our damnation. Mourning for all our miss we make, But there's no help in explanation. We must be sentenced for our sins' sake, Forever apart from our salvation, In hell to dwell with fiends so black, Where never shall be expiation. 2 BAD SOUL: As mournful misdoers, we may rise; Sorely we wring our hands and weep. For cursedness and covetise, Damned are we to hell so deep. We never served our God so wise; Commandments ten we would not keep. But often we made sacrifice To Satan, if our friends did sleep. Alas, now wakens all our fear. Our wicked works we may not hide, But on our backs we must them bear; They will betray us on each side. I see the fiends that at us leer, And all for pomp of wicked pride. Now we may weep with many a tear. Alas, that we this day should bide. Before us plainly, forth are brought The deeds that damn us, clearly seen - What ears have heard, or hearts have thought, Since any time that we may mean. Where foot has walked, what hand has wrought, What mouth has spoke, or eye has seen - This day full dearly has been bought. Alas, I wish we'd never been! |
Note:
‘Two male actors dressed in white portrayed the Angels; they moved rhythmically with large gold-and-black cloths, standing along with their God high above the audience/souls.’ The Good and Bad Souls rise from the dead and wonder at their fate, interacting with the audience as if they were all in the same position. Note on Alternative Document–Station Three:
Shows the large shadows created on the wall behind the Angels. Also in the segment, the Devils are visible on the dark edges of the playing area, interspersed in the audience, waiting for their entrance. The Bad Souls, in particular, talk to the audience, enter into it, more than in the previous performances. One Bad Soul, in fact, follows an audience member who is trying to leave. Hell is the darkness beyond the stage. |
Jesus Enters, and Apostles and Devils Prepare for Judgement
Before us plainly, forth are brought
The deeds that damn us, clearly seen - What ears have heard, or hearts have thought, Since any time that we may mean. Where foot has walked, what hand has wrought, What mouth has spoke, or eye has seen - This day full dearly has been bought. Alas, I wish we'd never been! 3 ANGEL: Stand not together! Part in two! You shall not all be brought to bliss. Our Lord of Heaven wills it so, For many of you have wrought amiss. The good, on his right hand shall go; The way to Heaven this way is. You, dirty damned ones, flee now, go - On his left hand, as none of his. JESUS: This woeful world is brought to end, My Father in Heaven so wills it be Therefore to earth now I will wend, To seat myself in majesty. To deem my dooms I will descend; This body I will bear with me. How it was hurt, man's sins to mend, All mankind there shall clearly see. My apostles, and my darlings dear: This dreadful doomsday now unfolds. All heaven and earth and hell shall hear, How I fulfill what I have told. Sit now on seats beside me here, And watch and wonder at the sight; And I shall deem folk far and near, After their working, wrong or right. I said also, when you were sent, To suffer sorrow for my sake, That all who would them right repent, Should go with you and joyous wake; And those who paid you no attent, The fiery blackened fiends would take. By "mercy" now, nothing is meant, Except one's works - to wealth or ache. My promises wholly I fulfill; Therefore, come forth and sit by me, To hear the dooms of good and ill. 1 APOSTLE: Lord God Almighty, I praise thee! Late and early, loud and still, I do your bidding willingly; I am obliged to do your will, With all my might as is worthy. 2 APOSTLE: Almighty God, now it is seen: You will fulfill your promise right, And all your words you will maintain. I praise you Lord, with all my might, That now such honours you ordain, Who for our sakes has earthly been. JESUS: Come forth, I'll seat myself between, And all fulfill, here in your sight. 1 DEVIL: Fellows, array us for the fight, To seize those which to us belong. For dreadful doom is passed this night - I dread me that we dwell too long. 2 DEVIL: We shall be seen ever in their sight, And warily wait, else work we wrong; For if the doomsmen do us right, We'll bring us back a monstrous throng! 3 DEVIL: He shall do right to foe and friend, For now shall all the truth be sought. All sullied souls, with us he'll send - To endless pain they shall be brought! |
Note:
‘The Apostles doubled as the stage managers, handling prompt-script and spotlights from the edges of the performance space. The Devils entered from behind the audience, dressed in vaguely aristocratic twentieth-century costumes, playing a distorted church-organ music on their own ‘boombox.’ At the center of the production was Jesus, whose dress and movement was influenced by the oriental martial arts. He stood on the first level of the wagon, descending to the ground to speak to the Apostles, Souls/Audience, and turning to address some lines to God the Father standing high above him.’ Note on Alternative Document–Station Three:
Shows the Devils visible, a real presence in the audience, and therefore the world. Shows the greater immediacy of contact between actors, and between actors and audience, and perhaps a greater energy of performance. Shadows, and echoing acoustics and absence of street noise made the whole more ominous. ‘In performance, then, while all around him are signs of Western culture, Christ– like the Devils – does not quite fit. His dress is vaguely eastern, his wounds are created with red ribbons, and he moves differently from everyone else. He is a conflicted realist character on the one hand, with deep resentment toward his father and toward those he suffered to help. But he is also a mystical, otherworldly figure, someone clearly more merciful, more sympathetic than the present situation allows him to be.’ |
Jesus Reviews His Life
3 DEVIL:
He shall do right to foe and friend, For now shall all the truth be sought. All sullied souls, with us he'll send - To endless pain they shall be brought! JESUS: Every creature, take intent, What message now to you I bring: This woeful world away is went, And I have come as new-crowned king. My heavenly father has me sent, To deem your deeds, and make ending. Now comes the day of your judgement: Of sorrow may all the sinful sing. The day is come of wretchedness, And care, for those who are unclean; The day of bale and bitterness - Full long abiding it has been. The day of dread, for great and less; Of trembling, trouble and of spleen, When every soul in sinfulness, Must say, alas - the day is seen! Here you may see my wounds so wide Which I received for your misdeed. Through heart and head, foot, hand and hide; Not for my guilt, but for your need. Behold my body, back and side, How dead I bought you. I agreed These bitter pains I would abide; To buy your bliss, thus would I bleed. Without a crime, they scourged me still - Like common thief, with taunt and threat. On cross they hanged me, on a hill; With crown of thorns thrust on my head. Beaten bloody, bleeding still, This spear into my side they set; My heart-blood, they spared not to spill. Man - for love of you I did not let. The Jews spat on me spitefully They spared me no more than a thief When they struck me I stood right still Against those men, I showed no grief Behold mankind, this same is me For you I suffered such mischief Thus was I treated for your folly So dear to me were you: believe. This was all done, your sorrows to slake; Man, it behooved you to saved to be. No retribution did I ever take; I suffered it all, for the love of thee. Mankind, sore ought you to quake, This dreadful day, this sight to see. All this I suffered for your sake. Say man, what suffered you for me? |
Note:
Jesus describes his efforts to save humanity, as if the opening statement of the public trial that is about to take place. The Good and Bad Souls interpret his words through tableaux. Note on Alternative Document–Station Three:
Shows the tableaux created by Good and Bad Souls to illustrate and comment on the words of Jesus describing his life, death and resurrection. It also shows Jesus interacting with the audience, at one point welcoming latecomers visible in the background to the judgement. ‘This actor’s Jesus clearly did not want to be on earth at this moment. He is that part of God that forgives, and that was instructed to experience extreme pain and death in his body in exchange for the souls of humanity. The judgement is neither his to make nor in his nature to make. The position he finds himself in is extremely uncomfortable; and this is one important reason for the characters of father and son to be separated.’ |
The Judgement Proceeds
My blessed children on my right,
To dread your doom, there is no need; For all your comfort is in sight. Your life in pleasure you will lead. Approach the eternal realm of light, Prepared for you, for your good deeds; At this point you may be full blithe, For your reward is great indeed. When I was hungry, you me fed; To slake my thirst, your heart was free. When I was clotheless, you me clad; You would no sorrow on me see. In narrow straits, when I was stead, Upon my pains, you had pity. When I was brought full sick to bed, Kindly you came to comfort me. When I was weary and distressed, Your generosity harboured me. Delighted you were, to see your guest - Lamenting my poverty piteously. You fed and clothed me of the best, And made my bed full comfortably; Therefore, in heaven shall be your rest: In joy and bliss to be by me. 1 GOOD SOUL: When did we, Lord that all has wrought, Give meat or drink, or resting place? Since we had never on earth but naught, Except as through the Godhead's grace? 2 GOOD SOUL: When was it that we clothing brought? Or visited you in any need? Or in your sickness, we you sought? Lord, when did we do for you this deed? JESUS: My blessed children, I shall say What time this deed to me was done: When any needy, night or day, Did ask your help and had it soon. Your free hearts never told them nay: Early or late, midday or noon, As oftentimes as they did pray, They only needed ask their boon. You, cursed criminals of Cain's kin, Who never comforted me in care: I and you forever shall twin. In dole you'll dwell forevermore, In bitter bale and endless din. This you shall have when you come there. Thus have you served me in your sin, With wicked deeds you have done ere. When I had need for drink and meat, Condemned, you cast me from your gate. When you were set like sirs on seat, Outside and weary, wet, I'd wait, While none of you would on me think, Or pity took on my poor state. Therefore, to hell I shall you sink: Well you deserve to pass that gate. When I was often clotheless, cold, In need of you, I begged full naked. Not house or harbour, help nor hold, I'd none from you, although I quaked. Misfortunes you saw manifold, Yet none of you my sorrows slaked; But all forsook me, young and old, Therefore you now shall be forsaked. 1 BAD SOUL: When had you Lord, that all things has, Hunger or thirst, God nonetheless? When was it that God in prison was? When was God naked or harbourless? 2 BAD SOUL: When was it we saw you sick, alas? When showed we thus such unkindness? Weary or wet, to let you pass? When did we do this wickedness? JESUS: Wretches, as often it was done, As any in need asked in my name. You heard them not, your ears were stone; Your help, to them it never came. To me, was that unkindness shown! Therefore, you bear this bitter blame: To most and least, when it was done, To me, you did the self and same. |
Note:
Jesus pronounces his judgement, and the Souls ask for an explanation. With the Good Souls he is casual, natural, consoling. With the Bad Souls he is mannered, and the relationship is anti-realist–the Souls adopt poses as he speaks, shoulders stooped, heads to side, and so on. Note on Alternative Document–Station Three:
Shows the relationship between Jesus and the Souls to much better effect than the document for Station One. ‘He treats the Souls by turns with mercy and with disgust, expressing the complexity inside him with sudden and violent changes of attitude. He does not want to be in this position, and finds it difficult to control the obvious response, which is to blame everyone else. This actor’s characterization of Jesus may be questioned on its historical and theological accuracy; but if Jesus was supposed to be humanized to the audience, then he had to be made into a character a contemporary audience could humanize – by creating a psychologically complex individual.’ |
The Good to Heaven, The Bad to Hell, and Jesus Rejoins his FatheR
My chosen children, come to me,
To dwell with me, now you shall wend. There, joy and bliss shall always be; Your life in pleasure you shall spend. You cursed ones, from me now flee, To dwell in hell without an end. There, you shall nothing but sorrows see, And sit by Satan's side, the fiend. Now is fulfilled all my forethought, For ended is each earthly thing. All worldly ones that I have wrought, After their works, they have their dwelling, Those who would sin, and would cease not, Of sorrows severe now they shall sing. And those who amended when they ought, Shall dwell and abide in my blessing. |
Note:
The Good Souls are invited to the Pageant Wagon with Jesus, where they remove the netting they have been wearing–representing their shrouds, chains, perhaps earthly trappings. The Bad Souls are dragged by the Devils through ‘hell mouth’ (see Station Three in particular) Note on Alternative Document–Station Three:
This view shows the Bad Souls dragged through hell mouth–created simply with two ladders and lights, not well-illustrated in any video. Note that the Bad Souls, who have interacted with the audience throughout, now try to drag members of the audience with them into hell. ‘But, to be blunt, no contact can be made, with anyone about anything, without strong performers. The actors in this production had trained their voices to be able to be heard at the back of an outdoor venue, and had sufficient control over their bodies to be able to express emotion and visual imagery. They knew how to develop characters out of the unusual and sometimes difficult speech. They had training, in short, in how to communicate what we had discussed. That is the real secret to a successful production of an historical text; without it, the aesthetic is strictly academic, and never leaves the table.’ |